Date palm

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a tall, majestic, and drought-resistant tree that has been cultivated for thousands of years in the Middle East, particularly in the UAE. Known for its sweet, edible fruits (dates) and striking appearance, this iconic palm is a staple in desert landscapes.

Botanical Description

1. Growth Habit & Size

✔ Type: Evergreen, dioecious (male and female plants separate).
✔ Height: 15–25 meters (50–80 feet) at maturity.
✔ Crown Spread: 6–10 meters (20–33 feet) wide.
✔ Growth Rate: Slow to moderate (takes 5–10 years to mature).

2. Trunk (Stem)

✔ Appearance: Tall, slender, and covered with old leaf base scars in a diamond pattern.
✔ Texture: Rough, fibrous, and sturdy.
✔ Diameter: 30–50 cm (12–20 inches) thick.

3. Leaves (Fronds)

✔ Type: Pinnate (feather-like), 4–6 meters (13–20 feet) long.
✔ Color: Silvery-green to deep green.
✔ Structure:

• Leaflets: 200–300 per frond, 20–40 cm (8–16 inches) long.

• Spines: Sharp, stiff thorns at the base.

4. Flowers & Pollination

✔ Flower Clusters: Called inflorescences, enclosed in a protective sheath.
✔ Male Flowers: Small, white, and fragrant (produce pollen).
✔ Female Flowers: Larger, cream-colored, develop into fruit if pollinated.
✔ Pollination: Requires manual or wind assistance (since male & female trees are separate).